Correlation between Glycated Hemoglobin, Extra-cranial Carotid Artery Disease and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt

2 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

3 Department of Radio-diagnosis, National Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus [DM] is the well-known endocrine problem where the body either doesn't deliver sufficient insulin or has a resistance to the circulating insulin. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease stays the chief reason of death and disability among diabetic patients, particularly in type II DM patients.  
Aim of the work: To correlate between glycated Hemoglobin [HBA1C], carotid, peripheral and coronary artery disease in type II DM patients.
Patients and methods: This is an observational study of 122 type II DM patients who were admitted to National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology. A full history, a full clinical examination, 12 lead-ECG, Echocardiography, Carotid duplex, Ankle-brachial index [ABI] measurement, HbA1C and Invasive non emergent coronary angiography were done.
Results: Carotid intima-media thickness [IMT] in patients with HbA1C >7% was significantly higher than those with HbA1C<7, HbA1C had a significant positive correlation with carotid IMT, ABI was significantly lower in patients with HbA1C>7% compared to those with HbA1C<7%, Number of diseased coronary vessels was significantly higher in patients with higher HbA1C >7% compared to those with HbA1C>7%, ABI had a significant negative correlation with number of diseased coronary vessels and IMT had a significant positive correlation with number of diseased coronary vessels in patients with higher HbA1C >7% with no significant correlation in those with HbA1C<7%.
Conclusion: Our results showed a significant correlation between HbA1C and Carotid atherosclerosis, Peripheral artery disease [PAD] and Coronary Artery disease [CAD] severity based on number of diseased coronary vessels in uncontrolled T2DM patients.

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