The Potential Role of Serum Magnesium and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Migraine

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.

2 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt

3 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Migraine is one of the most prevalent primary headache disorders. The exact underlying mechanisms remains unclear, and effective treatment strategies are still limited. deficiencies in essential micronutrients, particularly magnesium and vitamin D, could be implicated in both the development and exacerbation of migraine attacks.
The aim of the work:  This study aimed to examine the difference in serum magnesium and vitamin-D concentrations in patients with migraine and to assess their correlation with the disease.
Patients and Methods: Forty patients with migraine headache [with or without aura] were included. In addition, forty normal, apparently healthy subjects were included as the comparison group. The clinical characteristics of migraine were documented. In addition, serum levels of vitamin D and magnesium were measured for both groups and correlation between these elements and disease characteristics were calculated.   
Results: Magnesium concentrations were significantly decreased in the cases [1.52 ± 0.28 mg/dL] than the control groups [2.11 ± 0.21 mg/dL, p = 0.001]. Magnesium deficiency was recorded for 77.5% of cases, while all controls had normal concentrations, highlighting a clear distinction. There was a significant reduction of vitamin D in cases than the control groups. However, there was a statistically insignificant association between Vitamin-D concentrations and clinical characteristics of migraine [e.g., side, aura, phonophobia/ photophobia, autonomic manifestations, and allodynia.
Conclusion: Serum magnesium and vitamin D concentrations were reduced in migraine and were negatively correlated with disease severity, and migraine-related disability. These results highlighted the potential role of these elements in migraine pathophysiology and management.

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