Incidence of Cervical Precancerous Lesions by Pap Smear Screening

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, El-Serw Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Damietta, Egypt

2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine; Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt

3 Department of Pathology, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern, with early detection of precancerous lesions being crucial for prevention. Pap smear screening is a widely used method for identifying cervical abnormalities at an early stage, allowing for timely intervention and reducing disease burden. This study aimed to assess the incidence of cervical precancerous lesions through Pap smear screening and to analyze associated risk factors among women undergoing routine cervical screening.
Patients and methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients attending the outpatient clinic. All participants underwent Pap smear screening to assess the presence of cervical precancerous lesions. The distribution of these lesions across different age groups and demographic characteristics was analyzed. Colposcopic examination and biopsy were performed in selected cases with abnormal findings.
Results: Among the 300 patients, 16 [5.33%] had positive Pap smear results. Cytological analysis revealed that 281 [93.67%] were classified as negative for intraepithelial lesion [NILM], 8 [2.67%] patients had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS], 5 [1.67%] patients had Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL], and 3 [1%] patients had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL]. Colposcopic biopsy findings confirmed CIN II and CIN III in two cases with abnormal colposcopic features.
Conclusion: This study highlights a notable prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions, reinforcing the importance of routine Pap smear screening for early detection. Larger studies are recommended to establish national screening guidelines and identify high-risk populations, integrating HPV testing for a more comprehensive cervical cancer prevention strategy.

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